Thoracic spine tumours are abnormal growths located within or around the thoracic spine, which consists of the middle portion of the vertebral column, extending from the base of the neck to the abdomen.
These tumours may originate directly within the spinal tissues or metastasise to the spine from other body parts.
The thoracic spine provides stability and support for the upper body and protection for the spinal cord, a major part of the central nervous system. The presence of tumours in this region can lead to various symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to severe neurological deficits.
Primary thoracic spine tumours originate within the spinal column or its immediate surroundings. These are less common and can be benign, like osteoid osteomas, or malignant, such as chordomas.
Secondary tumours are more prevalent than primary tumours. They result from cancer cells spreading from other parts of the body, such as the breasts, lungs, prostate, or kidneys, to the spine. These tumours are invariably malignant and often indicate an advanced stage of cancer.
The symptoms of thoracic spine tumours vary based on the tumour’s size, location, and rate of growth but generally include:
Diagnosing thoracic spine tumours involves a multifaceted approach to accurately identify and characterise the nature of the tumour.
A comprehensive medical history and physical examination are conducted first. The patient will be assessed for symptoms like back pain, neurological deficits, or other related complaints that might suggest the presence of a spinal tumour.
X-rays of the spine can reveal abnormalities in the bone structure, including alignment and the presence of lesions.
An MRI is the most sensitive imaging test for detecting spinal tumours and can provide detailed images of the spine, spinal cord, and surrounding tissues.
CT scans offer precise details of bone architecture, help plan surgical procedures and identify specific types of tumours.
PET scans may be used to detect cancerous activity within the body.
When imaging tests suggest the presence of a tumour, a biopsy might be necessary for a definitive diagnosis. This procedure involves removing a small tissue sample from the suspected tumour, which is then examined under a microscope to determine the type of cells involved.
The treatment of thoracic spine tumours is highly personalised, depending on the tumour’s location and size and whether it is benign or malignant.
The main treatment modalities include:
The primary goal of surgery is to remove the tumour while minimising damage to the spinal cord and surrounding structures.
Surgical options vary in invasiveness, from laminectomy, which involves the removal of part of a vertebra, to more complex procedures like spinal fusion.
This treatment uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be employed as a standalone treatment or in combination with surgery to treat residual tumour cells.
These newer forms of cancer treatment focus on specific molecular targets found in cancer cells, known as targeted therapy, or stimulate the body’s immune system to fight cancer, referred to as immunotherapy.
These treatments can be used alone or in combination with traditional treatments.
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells and may be used for certain types of malignant thoracic spine tumours. It can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Consult us for a comprehensive evaluation & personalised treatment plan.
Rehabilitation is important for recovery, especially for those who have undergone surgery or have experienced significant neurological symptoms.
Rehabilitation programmes may include:
The prognosis for patients with thoracic spine tumours varies widely, depending on the type and stage of the tumour and how well the tumour responds to treatment.
Malignant tumours generally have a less favourable prognosis than benign tumours. Early detection and treatment are important for improving outcomes and survival rates.
Dr Roy Koh has expertise to manage a wide variety of neurosurgical and spinal problems. He was the first Neurosurgical Spine Consultant at KTPH and also performed Singapore’s first minimally invasive removal of a Spinal Tumor.
Dr Koh has been active in pursuing his love for neurosurgery and spine surgery. He has also been an invited surgeon to places like India and visiting specialist surgeon for the Vietnamese Neurosurgical Congress in 2013, showcasing his new minimally invasive spine techniques to our neighbours.
Dr Koh is an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, where he is an MBBS examiner, and actively involved in training of the next generation of doctors.
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Risk factors vary depending on the type of tumour. For primary tumours, genetic predispositions and certain inherited conditions can increase risk.
For metastatic tumours, having a history of cancer in another part of the body is the primary risk factor.
Recovery times can vary widely based on the type of surgery performed, the patient’s overall health, and any complications. It typically ranges from several weeks to months.
Not necessarily. While pain is a common symptom, some tumours may be asymptomatic, especially in the early stages.
There is a risk of recurrence, which varies depending on the tumour type and treatment effectiveness. Ongoing monitoring is essential for early detection of recurrence.
